![]() ![]() For example, if you define ⊗(A,B) = kron(A,B) to give a convenient infix syntax A ⊗ B for Kronecker products ( kron), then. Note the dot syntax is also applicable to user-defined operators. = is a fused in-place assignment operation (see the dot syntax documentation). * x.^2 are equivalent to nested dot calls (+).(x, (*).(3, (^).(x, 2))).įurthermore, "dotted" updating operators like a. In particular, nested dot calls like f.(g.(x)) are fused, and "adjacent" binary operators like x. + sin.(A) (or equivalently 2A^2 + sin(A), using the macro) for an array A, it performs a single loop over A, computing 2a^2 + sin(a) for each element a of A. Moreover, like all vectorized "dot calls," these "dot operators" are fusing. combining row and column vectors to produce a matrix). ^ b is parsed as the "dot" call (^).(a,b), which performs a broadcast operation: it can combine arrays and scalars, arrays of the same size (performing the operation elementwise), and even arrays of different shapes (e.g. Similarly for unary operators like ! or √, there is a corresponding. ^ 3 is defined as computing the elementwise (or "vectorized") result. ![]() For example, ^ 3 is not defined, since there is no standard mathematical meaning to "cubing" a (non-square) array, but. ^ that is automatically defined to perform ^ element-by-element on arrays. julia> x = 0x01 typeof(x)įor every binary operation like ^, there is a corresponding "dot" operation. As a result, the type of the variable may change. The updating versions of all the binary arithmetic and bitwise operators are: += -= *= /= \= ÷= %= ^= &= |= ⊻= >= >= <<=Īn updating operator rebinds the variable on the left-hand side. For example, writing x += 3 is equivalent to writing x = x + 3: julia> x = 1 The updating version of the binary operator is formed by placing a = immediately after the operator. The following bitwise operators are supported on all primitive integer types: ExpressionĮvery binary arithmetic and bitwise operator also has an updating version that assigns the result of the operation back into its left operand. Note that Bool is an integer type and all the usual promotion rules and numeric operators are also defined on it. The short-circuiting operations are explained on the linked page. Negation changes true to false and vice versa. The following Boolean operators are supported on Bool types: Expression This is useful for preventing the propagation of NaN values in quantities that are known to be zero. When used in multiplication, false acts as a strong zero: julia> NaN * false For instance, we would generally write -x + 2 to reflect that first x gets negated, and then 2 is added to that result.) (By convention, we tend to space operators more tightly if they get applied before other nearby operators. Here are some simple examples using arithmetic operators: julia> 1 + 2 + 3 ![]() See the manual section on Unicode input for more information. The ÷ sign can be conveniently typed by writing \div to the REPL or Julia IDE. See Conversion and Promotion for details of the promotion system. Julia's promotion system makes arithmetic operations on mixtures of argument types "just work" naturally and automatically. See Numeric Literal Coefficients for details. 2x or 2(x+y), is treated as a multiplication, except with higher precedence than other binary operations. The following arithmetic operators are supported on all primitive numeric types: ExpressionĪ numeric literal placed directly before an identifier or parentheses, e.g. Julia provides a complete collection of basic arithmetic and bitwise operators across all of its numeric primitive types, as well as providing portable, efficient implementations of a comprehensive collection of standard mathematical functions. Edit on GitHub Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions Instrumenting Julia with DTrace, and bpftrace.Reporting and analyzing crashes (segfaults).Static analyzer annotations for GC correctness in C code. ![]() Proper maintenance and care of multi-threading locks.printf() and stdio in the Julia runtime.Talking to the compiler (the :meta mechanism).High-level Overview of the Native-Code Generation Process.Noteworthy Differences from other Languages.Multi-processing and Distributed Computing.Mathematical Operations and Elementary Functions. ![]()
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